Burnout Syndrome Among Critical Care Health Providers in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Burnout Syndrome constitutes a critical concern in healthcare, particularly among practitioners operating in high-stress, critical care settings. Understanding the multifaceted factors contributing to burnout in this context is pivotal for devising effective interventions and promoting the well-being of critical care professionals. Objective: To investigate the prevalence, contributing factors, and potential interventions related to Burnout Syndrome among critical care health providers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was employed, gathering data from a sample of critical care health providers, including medical practitioners. A self-administered structured electronic questionnaire was used, incorporating the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with its three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The target population was male and female critical care health providers over 18 years age, most participants lies between 25 years to 34 years. Results: Statistical analysis shows significant disparities in response distribution (p<0.05), highlighting the importance of understanding encounters with emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. The Durbin-Watson statistic indicated limited autocorrelation, and collinearity tolerance values suggested nominal intercorrelations among predictors. A significant positive correlation was found between the "Depersonalization Loss of Empathy MBI" factor and the outcome variables, indicating complex relationships between emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. Conclusion: The study highlights the multifaceted nature of burnout, revealing intricate relationships between emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization. These findings collectively form an important foundation for future guidelines and interventions to enhance the well-being of healthcare professionals.

Rich Club Reorganization in Nurses Before and After the Onset of Occupational Burnout: A Longitudinal MRI Study.

BACKGROUND: Studies on potential disruptions in rich club structure in nursing staff with occupational burnout are lacking. Moreover, existing studies on nurses with burnout are limited by their cross-sectional design. PURPOSE: To investigate rich club reorganization in nursing staff before and after the onset of burnout and the underlying impact of anatomical distance on such reconfiguration. STUDY TYPE: Prospective, longitudinal. POPULATION: Thirty-nine hospital nurses ( 23.67 ± 1.03 $$ 23.67\pm 1.03 $$ years old at baseline, 24.67 ± 1.03 $$ 24.67\pm 1.03 $$ years old at a follow-up within 1.5 years, 38 female). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo and gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequences at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT: The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Symptom Check-List 90 testing were acquired at each MRI scan. Rich club structure was assessed at baseline and follow-up to determine whether longitudinal changes were related to burnout and to changes in connectivities with different anatomical distances (short-, mid-, and long range). STATISTICAL TESTS: Chi-square, paired-samples t, two-sample t, Mann-Whitney U tests, network-based statistic, Spearman correlation analysis, and partial least squares regression analysis. Significance level: Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05 $$ P<0.05 $$ . RESULTS: In nurses who developed burnout: 1) Strengths of rich club, feeder, local, short-, mid-, and long-range connectivities were significantly decreased at follow-up compared with baseline. 2) At follow-up, strengths of above connectivities and that between A5m.R and dlPu.L were significantly correlated with emotional exhaustion (r ranges from -0.57 to -0.73) and anxiety scores (r = -0.56), respectively. 3) Longitudinal change (follow-up minus baseline) in connectivity strength between A5m.R and dlPu.L reflected change in emotional exhaustion score (r = 0.87). Longitudinal changes in strength of connectivities mainly involving parietal lobe were significantly decreased in nurses who developed burnout compared with those who did not. DATA CONCLUSION: In nurses after the onset of burnout, rich club reorganization corresponded to significant reductions in strength of connectivities with different anatomical distances. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Association between occupational stress, occupational burnout, and depressive symptoms among medical staff during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China.

BACKGROUND: Studies have extensively examined the factors contributing to the onset of occupational stress, burnout, and depression. However, the relationship between these variables is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between occupational stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms and to investigate the mediating effect of burnout between occupational stress and depressive symptoms in medical staff. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical staff in Chongqing, China. The Core Occupational Stress Scale (COSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory: General Survey (MBI-GS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess the status of occupational stress, burnout, and depressive symptoms, respectively. The bootstrapping analyses using SPSS PROCESS macros version 3 were conducted to examine mediating effects. RESULTS: The study conducted on medical staff in Chongqing revealed that the detection rates of occupational stress, occupational burnout, and depressive symptoms were 31.8%, 23.3%, and 30.3%, respectively. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that occupational stress and burnout accounted for 19.3% (p <  0.001) and 18.8% (p <  0.001) of the variance in depressive symptoms, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that occupational stress indirectly affected depressive symptoms through the mediating effect of occupational burnout, with a mediation effect value of 0.13 (bootstrap 95% CI: 0.116-0.144) and the mediation effect accounting for 44.8% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that occupational stress and burnout were predictors of depressive symptoms. Occupational stress had a significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms via burnout. These results suggest that reducing occupational stress and burnout could be effective strategies for preventing depression among medical staff.

Association between occupational burnout and psychological symptoms among Chinese medical staff: moderating role of social support.

This study aimed to examine the association between occupational burnout and psychological symptoms among Chinese medical staff, assuming social support to play a moderating role in the aforementioned relationship. The survey was conducted online from May 1 to June 28, 2022, and the questionnaires were distributed and retrieved through a web-based platform. The final sample was comprised of 1461 Chinese medical staff in this cross-sectional study. Several multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the data. After controlling for potential confounding factors, all three dimensions of occupational burnout were associated with poorer psychological symptoms. Emotional exhaustion (ß = 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.018, 1.479) had the strongest association with psychological symptoms, followed by depersonalization and diminished personal accomplishment. Moreover, medical staff with higher levels of friend support (ß = -0.11; 95% CI, -4.063, -0.573) and significant other support (ß = -0.10; 95% CI, -3.965, -0.168) were less likely to suffer from psychological symptoms when faced with occupational burnout. The results suggested that interventions aimed at lessening occupational burnout and boosting social support can be an effective way to promote the psychological health of medical staff.

Nurses' perceived health and occupational burnout: A focus on sleep quality, workplace violence, and organizational culture.

AIM: This study investigates the mediation of sleep quality between perceived health and occupational burnout in hospital nurses, considering the moderation of workplace violence and organizational culture. BACKGROUND: Occupational factors lead to physical and mental distress, burnout, and sleep issues in nurses. Approximately two-thirds of nurses experience burnout, impacting patient care quality and safety. Cultivating a positive organizational culture is essential for nursing workforce stability. METHODS: This cross-sectional study employed convenience sampling to recruit 346 nurses from a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan in July-August 2020 (response rate: 87.3%). Self-administered questionnaires containing validated instruments were employed, including an adapted occupational burnout scale, the Chinese version of an organizational culture scale, a Perceived Health Questionnaire, a Workplace Violence Experience Scale, and the CPSQI; all instruments were reliable and valid. The analysis involved descriptive statistics, linear regression, and the Johnson-Neyman technique. RESULTS: Nurses with better perceived health exhibited significantly lower occupational burnout (p < 0.001). Perceived health indirectly impacted burnout through sleep quality (p < 0.01) with organizational culture as a partial moderator. Bureaucratic organizational culture exacerbated this relationship. Additionally, decreased workplace violence moderated the connections among perceived health, sleep quality, and occupational burnout among nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Given the inverse correlation between nurses' perceived health and occupational burnout and considering factors such as workplace violence, organizational culture, and sleep quality, healthcare institutions can proactively take steps to enhance nurses' overall well-being and mitigate burnout. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: By implementing wellness programs, mental health support, security training, robust reporting, and a zero-tolerance approach to violence, healthcare stakeholders can foster a safe and supportive work environment for nurses, thus improving well-being, patient outcomes, and healthcare quality.

Impact of COVID-19 on American Family Physicians' Intent to Retreat from Clinical Care.

PURPOSE: This survey evaluated whether the COVID-19 pandemic was a traumatic stress event for family physicians associated with burnout, changes in life priorities, and intentions to retreat from clinical practice. METHODS: We report on 683 clinically active family physicians surveyed through the Council of Academic Family Medicine's Educational Research Alliance (CERA) in the fall of 2021. RESULTS: Overall, 35.2% of family physicians experienced the pandemic as a traumatic stress like event. This was associated with changing life priorities (OR 2.6, CI 1.8-3.9), burnout (OR 1.6, CI 1.1 to 2.4), and withdrawal from clinical practice in various ways. Those who changed their priorities in life were more likely to restrict scope of practice (OR 3.9, CI 2.6-5.9), reduce clinical work effort (OR 3.4, 2.3 to 5.1), relocate (OR 3.1, CI 2.0 to 4.8), retire (OR 2.7, CI 1.4-4.9), reroute their career away from patient care (OR 2.1, CI 1.4-3.1) and less likely to avoid redesigning the practice to improve well-being (OR 0.3, CI 0.2-0.7). Those who experienced burnout were more likely to retire (OR 5.5, CI 2.8 to 10.5), reduce clinical work effort (OR 4.2, CI 2.9-6.1), reroute their career away from patient care (OR 3.9, CI 2.6-5.8), relocate (OR 3.8, CI 2.4 to 5.9), and restrict scope of practice (OR 3.3, CI 2.3 to 4.9). Overall, 48.5% of family physicians expressed some intention to retreat from clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted family physician's career plans. Remedying burnout is a high-yield opportunity for retaining clinically active family physicians. Physicians retreating from clinical medicine related to changing life's priorities needs further exploration.

Effects of burnout and work engagement in the relationship between self-efficacy and safety behaviours-A chained mediation modelling analysis.

AIMS: To explore the current situation, influencing factors and pathways of safety behaviour of nurses in tumour specialized hospitals, in order to provide a theoretical basis for managers to manage and train nurses, improve their safety behaviour level and ensure medical safety. DESIGN: An anonymous cross-sectional survey. METHOD: A total of 2147 nurses from Grade A cancer hospitals in 15 provinces of China were selected by a convenient sampling method. Questionnaires were collected through the Questionnaire Star platform. Nurses' safety behaviour was measured using the nurse Safety Behaviour Scale, Self-efficacy by the General Self-efficacy Scale, and nurses' occupational burnout was measured by the occupational Burnout Scale, and work engagement through the the Work Engagement Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to test the relationship among nurses' safety behaviour, general self-efficacy, occupational burnout and work engagement. SPSS25.0 software was used to test the relationship among the safety behaviour of nurses, general self-efficacy, occupational burnout and work engagement. RESULTS: The total score of safety behaviour of nurses was 55.45 ± 6.879, the total score of general self-efficacy was 31.39 ± 5.729, the total score of occupational burnout was 44.99 ± 26.587, and the total score of work engagement was 38.48 ± 13.433; the scores of the Nurse Safety Behaviour Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, and Work Engagement Scale were positively correlated (all p < .001); the occupational burnout scale was negatively correlated with the scores of self-efficacy scale, work engagement scale and nurse safety behaviour scale (all p < .001); Structural equation model analysis shows that self-efficacy and work engagement have a direct positive impact on nurse safety behaviour(ß = .103, ß = .096, all p < .001); Occupational burnout has a direct negative impact on self-efficacy, work engagement and nurse safety behaviour(ß = -.371, ß = -.413, ß = -.328 all p < .001). Bootstrap analysis showed that occupational burnout and job involvement had a significant chain mediating effect between self-efficacy and the safety behaviour of nurses (95% CI: 0.148-0.21). The total effect of self-efficacy on the safety behaviour of nurses was 0.283 (p < .001, 95% CI: 0.225-0.301), the direct effect was 0.096 (p < .001, 95% CI: 0.042-0.15), and the indirect effect was 0.179 (p < .001, 95% CI: 0.085-0.215), The mediating effect accounted for 63.3% of the total effect size. CONCLUSION: Occupational burnout and work engagement play a partial mediating role between self-efficacy and nurse safety behaviour. It is necessary to strengthen training on nurse safety culture awareness, improve the nurse self-efficacy and work engagement, reduce nurse occupational burnout, and thereby improve the level of nurses' safety behaviour.

A Survey on Factors Influencing the Work-Family-Health Balance of an Interventional Radiologist.

Aim: Burnout and stress-related health disorders are on the rise among physicians. The aim of this study is to report the results of a survey on factors affecting the work-life balance of interventional radiologists (IR). Material: The survey consisted of 30 questions focusing on work, family, and personal health. The questionnaire addressed knowledge, attitude, and practice. This online survey was sent to IRs across the globe and the responses were analyzed by three IRs (SH, SNK, SK). Results: On univariate analysis, the major risk factors for burnout were presence of weekend duties ( n = 91, 98.9%, p = 0.02), absence of support group at workplace ( n = 36, 39.1%, p = 0.005), having tough time with administration ( n = 61, 66.3%, p = 0.001), not able to spend quality time on family ( n = 30, 32.6%, p = 0.035), and inability to find time to do things that one enjoys ( n = 53, 57.6%, p = 0.0002). However, multivariate analysis revealed that those having tough time with administration (odds ratio = 2.77 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-6.48], p = 0.02) and those who could not find time to do things one enjoys (odds ratio = 4.79 [95% CI: 1.42-16.1], p = 0.01) were only statistically significant. Conclusion: Burnout is common among IRs and is considered a significant issue that needs to be addressed. Teamwork, a support structure for major events, healthy lifestyle, and dedicated time for family may combat the burnout.

Nurses' intention to leave their jobs in relation to work environment factors in Polish hospitals: Cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The lack of nursing staff is a current problem not only in Poland, but also in the world. The decision of nurses to leave the workplace, apart from the financial aspect, often results from unfavourable working conditions related to the work environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was multicentre, cross-sectional. The study was conducted among a group of 1509 nurses employed in surgical and internal medicine wards in 21 hospitals in Poland. The key variables of the study were: the intention of the nurses to leave their jobs, the nurses' working environment, the level of satisfaction, the level of occupational burnout and the number of patients cared for on the last shift, the number of nurses on the last shift. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire were used in the research. RESULTS: Almost half of the surveyed nurses (48.84%) declared their willingness to leave their current workplace. The statistical analysis showed that nurses declaring their willingness to quit their job in the hospital where they were employed were significantly younger (42.88 vs. 45.04, p = 0.000), had shorter total length of service overall (19.96 vs. 23.20), and also in the hospital where they were employed (15.86 vs. 18.50, p = 0.000). The increase in the number of patients by one was significantly associated with a 1% increase in the risk of leaving work (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02). An increase in emotional exhaustion significantly increased the risk of leaving work by 2% (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.03). CONCLUSIONS: Younger age of nurses, greater workload resulting from more patients and occupational burnout - emotional exhaustion is correlated with the risk of leaving work in the hospital. A lower risk of leaving the job is associated with a higher level of job satisfaction in the hospital, salary and promotion opportunities. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(5):377-87.

Job Satisfaction and Occupational Burnout among Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-method Approach.

How to cite this article: Chouhan VS. Job Satisfaction and Occupational Burnout among Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-method Approach. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(10):776-777.

Occupational burnout among doctors at Mankweng and Pietersburg hospitals, Limpopo province.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of occupational burnout among full-time employed doctors of all ranks at the Mankweng and Pietersburg tertiary academic hospitals in South Africa's Limpopo province. METHODS: A quantitative, observational study was conducted firstly to determine whether burnout was present among medical doctors at these institutions and, secondly, to quantify the amount of burnout in those affected. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. All ranks of medical doctors from various departments participated in the study, resulting in a total sample size of 150. RESULTS: The study revealed that occupational burnout was present at these institutions, with an overall prevalence of 36%. When compared to other studies conducted at public sector hospitals in South Africa, this figure appears to fall within the middle range. However, different studies have used different criteria to measure burnout. CONCLUSION: Currently, there is too much variation in the criteria of burnout among different studies, making comparisons difficult. More studies are needed to standardise the measurement of burnout.Contribution: The main contribution of the research is to understand the extent of burnout at the tertiary hospital in Limpopo province.

Functional Connectome Hierarchy Distortions in Female Nurses With Occupational Burnout and Its Gene Expression Signatures.

BACKGROUND: Burnout has become a serious public health issue worldwide, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Functional connectome impairments associated with occupational burnout were widely distributed, involving both low-level sensorimotor cortices and high-level association cortices. PURPOSE: To investigate whether there are hierarchical perturbations in the functional connectomes and if these perturbations are potentially influenced by genetic factors in nurses who feel "burned out." STUDY TYPE: Prospective, case control. POPULATION: Thirty-three female nurses with occupational burnout (aged 27-40, 32.42 ± 3.37) and 32 matched nurses who were not feeling burned out (aged 27-42, 32.50 ± 4.21). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T, gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence (GE-EPI). ASSESSMENT: Gradient-based techniques were used to depict the perturbations in the multi-dimensional hierarchical structure of the macroscale connectome. Gene expression data were acquired from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. STATISTICAL TESTS: Cortex-wide multivariate analyses were used for between-group differences in gradients as well as association analyses between the hierarchy distortions and the MBI score (FDR corrected). Partial least squares, spin test and bootstrapping were utilized together to select the gene sets (FDR corrected). Gene enrichment analyses (GO, KEGG and cell-type) were further performed. Significance level: P < 0.05. RESULTS: There were significant gradient distortions, with strong between-group effects in the somatosensory network and moderate effects in the higher-order default-mode network, which were significantly correlated with the gene expression profiles (r = 0.3171). The most related genes were broadly involved in the cellular response to minerals, neuronal plasticity, and the circadian rhythm pathway (q value < 0.01). Significant enrichments were found in excitatory (r = 0.2588), inhibitory neurons (r = 0.2610), and astrocytes cells (r = 0.2633). Regions affected by burnout severity were mainly distributed in the association and visual cortices. DATA CONCLUSION: By connecting in vivo imaging to genes, cell classes, and clinical data, this study provides a framework to understand functional impairments in occupational burnout and how the microscopic genetic architecture drive macroscopic distortions. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Burnout and stress in group of psychiatrists: workload and non-professional-social predictors.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research is to present the search for psychosocial predictors explaining the strength of perceived stress in psychiatrists and the search for associations between stress and occupational burnout in psychiatrists. The authors also searched for associations between organizational, workload, family and non-professional - social factors and the intensity of occupational stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group of 131 doctors - specialists in psychiatry, aged 27-86 years - took part in the study. The participants completed 3 questionnaires, i.e., the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). RESULTS: The results indicated that significant predictors of the development of occupational stress for psychiatrists were psychophysical exhaustion and lack of a sense of professional efficacy. Taking holidays (several times a year, pursuing the passions and interests), and having a stable family relationship (marriage or civil partnership) were also prominent among the predictors of stress. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational stress and burnout in the work of the surveyed psychiatrists appeared to be a high intensity phenomenon. These results indicate the need to spread preventive health care also in the work of psychiatrists. Mainly in terms of maintaining the right balance between work and rest, which can help to reduce stress levels and protect against further development of burnout syndrome. Family resources such as a stable marriage or partnership may also be a protective factor against the build-up of stress and burnout in psychiatrists (mainly female). In addition, professional resources (work experience measured by number of years of work) is also important in explaining stress levels in psychiatrists. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(3):379-95.

Co-Active Coping Inventory: Development and Validation for the Chilean Population

Co-active coping is a fundamental construct in organizational and work environments as it allows for the exploration of individual and group behaviors within organizations. The aim of this study was to develop a new scale called the Co-Active Coping Inventory in the Chilean context. The sample was comprised of 1,442 workers with an average age of 30.48 years (SD = 11.13). 55% were public-sector workers, 34.5% were workers in private commercial organizations, and 10.5% belonged to non-profit private organizations. Different exploratory factor analyses were performed, and the best exploratory model was verified with a confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, multiple linear regressions were used to analyze which dimensions of co-active coping helped predict workers’ burnout (emotional exhaustion, affective hardening, and personal fulfillment) and symptomatology (psychological and somatic). Based on the exploratory and confirmatory approach, the Co-Active Coping Inventory showed a good fit to a structure of five correlated factors (Reflective Action, Rash Action, Search for Spiritual Support, Search for Affective Support and Evasion), demonstrating measurement invariance in terms of sex and type of organization. The different domains of co-active coping explain between 20% (emotional exhaustion) and 41% (affective hardening) of occupational burnout and around 3–5% of workers’ symptomatology, with reflective action being the most important variable. These results indicate that the new scale has suitable psychometric properties; it can assess coping strategies in the Chilean organizational context in a reliable and valid way. These coping strategies have demonstrated certain importance in relation to organizational and clinical variables. (AU)

Occupational burnout, flourishing and job satisfaction among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in Western China: a network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers suffered with high prevalence of occupational burnout, which might be related with their job satisfaction and well-being. This study aimed to provide evidence of complex interrelations among occupational burnout, flourishing, and job satisfaction, and identify key variables from the perspective of network structure among healthcare workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2021, and 907 (the response rate was 98.4%) HIV/AIDS healthcare workers completed their sociodemographic characteristics, occupational burnout, flourishing and job satisfaction. Network analysis was conducted to investigate the interrelations of occupational burnout, flourishing, and job satisfaction communities, and identify central variables and bridges connecting different communities with different bridge strength thresholds in the network structure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine the gender differences in networks. RESULTS: In the network, feeling exhausted at work (strength: 1.42) and feeling frustrated at work (1.27) in occupational burnout community, and interested in daily activities (1.32) in flourishing community were central variables. Bridges in the network were job reward satisfaction (bridge strength: 0.31), satisfaction with job itself (0.25), and job environment satisfaction (0.19) in job satisfaction community, as well as interested in daily activities (0.29) and feeling respectable (0.18) in flourishing community, with bridges selected with top 20% bridge strengths. Feeling frustrated at work (0.14) in occupational burnout community and leading a purposeful and meaningful life (0.11) in flourishing community became bridges when using thresholds of top 25% and 30% bridge strengths, respectively. We also observed higher network densities in females (network density: 0.37) than that in males (0.34), and gender differences in the distribution of partial correlation coefficients (M = 0.27, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: In the network structure of occupational burnout-flourishing-job satisfaction, feeling frustrated at work in occupational burnout community and interested in daily activities in flourishing community were both central variables and bridges, which may be targeted variables to intervene to alleviate the overall level of symptoms in the network and therefore prevent poor health outcomes in healthcare workers.

Co-Active Coping Inventory: Development and Validation for the Chilean Population.

Co-active coping is a fundamental construct in organizational and work environments as it allows for the exploration of individual and group behaviors within organizations. The aim of this study was to develop a new scale called the Co-Active Coping Inventory in the Chilean context. The sample was comprised of 1,442 workers with an average age of 30.48 years (SD = 11.13). 55% were public-sector workers, 34.5% were workers in private commercial organizations, and 10.5% belonged to non-profit private organizations. Different exploratory factor analyses were performed, and the best exploratory model was verified with a confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, multiple linear regressions were used to analyze which dimensions of co-active coping helped predict workers' burnout (emotional exhaustion, affective hardening, and personal fulfillment) and symptomatology (psychological and somatic). Based on the exploratory and confirmatory approach, the Co-Active Coping Inventory showed a good fit to a structure of five correlated factors (Reflective Action, Rash Action, Search for Spiritual Support, Search for Affective Support and Evasion), demonstrating measurement invariance in terms of sex and type of organization. The different domains of co-active coping explain between 20% (emotional exhaustion) and 41% (affective hardening) of occupational burnout and around 3-5% of workers' symptomatology, with reflective action being the most important variable. These results indicate that the new scale has suitable psychometric properties; it can assess coping strategies in the Chilean organizational context in a reliable and valid way. These coping strategies have demonstrated certain importance in relation to organizational and clinical variables.

Burnout in General Surgeons. A Systematic Review.

Occupational burnout is particularly widespread amongst surgical professionals. During the past 10 years, both the awareness and the ability to reliably measure and classify "burnout" in medical professionals have increased. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the current evidence on the burnout levels of general surgeons. Online searches were carried out using the scientific search engines PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, and Google scholar, from 2010 to 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were critically evaluated using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) tool. Five studies pertaining to 669 subjects were included in this review. As expected, "burnout syndrome" was mainly due to the exhaustive and demanding conditions of working life and was strongly observed in general surgeons. The incidence of the burnout syndrome increased with their years of service, compromised their quality of life, and had detrimental effects on their mental and physical health. Personal achievements and emotional satisfaction were protective for the occurrence of the syndrome. We conclude that valid recognition and prevention of the burnout syndrome are necessary. Further research is needed to manage this phenomenon within the healthcare settings and the surgical departments.

Addressing the Burnout and Shortage of Nurses in the Philippines.

Burnout among Filipino nurses poses a significant threat to an understaffed Philippine healthcare system, leading to resignations, change of profession, and migration to other countries, thereby exacerbating the shortage in the local nursing sector. While workplace mental health programs and interventions can help alleviate burnout, it is crucial to address the structural factors contributing to burnout among Filipino nurses, such as low salaries, delayed benefits, understaffing, overwork, and job insecurity. Therefore, mobilizing existing resources and improving policies are critical steps that need to be taken to effectively address burnout among nurses. Measures such as increasing salaries, timely provision of benefits, and filling vacant government regular positions can contribute to improving the working conditions for nurses in the Philippines. Moreover, by undertaking these measures, the Philippines can advance just working and living conditions for nurses, while also mitigating the challenges posed by the shortage of nurses within its healthcare system.

Burnout Levels in Nurses and Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Previous studies have shown that sudden changes in the nature of nursing work and their work environment related to the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the professional experience of nurses, and consequently led to an increase in professional burnout in this professional group. Thus, the aim of the study was to measure occupational burnout among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. A cross-sectional study was conducted with pediatric and surgery female nurses (N = 110, mean age 51 ± 6.92) from the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Wloclawek, Poland. The participants completed the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) and the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire (SDQ). The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U test. The study showed that high burnout affected 6.4% of nurses. The level of professional burnout for the subscales of psychophysical exhaustion, relationship deterioration, professional inefficacy and disappointment was 28.2%, 26.4%, 11.8% and 13%, respectively (mean score: 19.85 ± 6.51, 18.03 ± 5.15, 13.74 ± 4.07 and 17.61 ± 5.85, respectively). The results show that surgical nurses were statistically more likely to experience professional burnout. In sum, burnout among nurses has become a serious problem, especially considering the COVID-19 pandemic, which is why it is so important to continue research in this area. Hospital management needs to take urgent action to address the systemic and professional issues that contribute to the suboptimal mental health of nurses.

Toward an understanding of occupational burnout among employees with autism - the Job Demands-Resources theory perspective.

This article aims to gain insight into the phenomenon of occupational burnout among employees with autism based on the theoretical framework of the Job Demands-Resources theory and the literature on employees with autism in the workplace. Firstly, we argue that although the resources and demands of the neurotypical and neurodivergent employees might be different, the theoretical mechanism of occupational burnout formation remains similar among the neurotypical and neurodivergent employees, leading to the similar burnout experience. Next, we distinguish key demands that might drain neurodiverse employees' energy, and spark burnout, and propose a set of resources that might foster their achievement of work goals and mitigate demanding working conditions. We emphasise that the nature of job demands/resources that may cause burnout is not universal but might depend on how employees evaluate them, thus neurotypical and neurodiverse workers who evaluate the same work characteristics differently might complement each other, increasing organisational diversity without losing productivity. Our conceptual elaboration contributes to the theory and practice of healthier workplaces by providing tools and inspiration to managers, policymakers, and all stakeholders interested in creating a diverse and productive workplace. Moreover, our work might spark a much needed debate on occupational burnout among employees with autism and encourage conducting further empirical studies.